*------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ This document describes the dataset used in "The EU Gender Earnings Gap: Job Segregation and Working Time as Driving Factors" *------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ We used the 2010 wave of the Structure of Earnings Survey (SES). The SES is a large-scale European matched employer-employee dataset. It consists of inter-country harmonized microdata, as the survey is conducted in all the countries according to a common methodology. The SES is conducted every four years through questionnaires sent to a representative sample of enterprises. The sample is drawn through a two-stage random sampling. First, a random sample of companies is drawn, and thereafter, a random sample of employees is drawn within each selected company. The national statistical institutes are responsible for selecting the sample, preparing the questionnaires, conducting the survey and forwarding the results to Eurostat. The SES provides detailed information on the relationships between the level of remuneration and individual characteristics of employees (sex, age, occupation, length of service, highest educational level attained, etc.) and those of their employer (economic activity, size and location of the enterprise). The sample regularly covers workplaces with at least ten employees in sections C (Manufacturing) to S (Other services) of the Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community (NACE rev. 2). Public administration, defence and compulsory social security (section O) is not available for all countries. We exclude self-employed workers, employees working in the Public administration sector and apprentices. The dependent variable is the log average gross hourly wage (in euro). In addition to regular payments, the wage includes overtime payments, shift premiums, bonuses, commissions, allowances for teamwork, night work, weekend work, family allowances, payments to employees’ savings scheme and other gratuities in cash fixed by collective agreements or voluntarily agreed. Not included are advances or pay for holiday, periodic bonuses and gratuities not paid regularly at each pay date, statutory family allowances, allowances for work clothes or tools, reimbursements or payments for travel, subsistence etc., and expenses incurred in carrying out the employer's business. We include the following Countries: - Belgium - Bulgaria - Czech Republic - Germany - Estonia - Spain - Finland - France - Greece - Croatia - Hungary - Italy - Lithuania - Latvia - Netherlands - Norway - Poland - Portugal - Romania - Sweden - Slovak Republic - United Kingdom Our explantory variables are coded as follows: - age is given in terms of 5 categories (based on the variable b22_class): - 20-29 years - 30-49 years - 40-49 years - 50-59 years - 60 years and older - education is given in terms of 3 categories (based on the variable b25): - ISCED 0-2 (low-skilled) - ISCED 3-4 (medium-skilled) - ISCED 5-6 (high-skilled) - contract type (based on the variable b25): - dummy variable that is equal to one for temporary and zero for permanent contracts - firm tenure is given in terms of 4 categories (based on the variable b26): - 0-1 years - 2-4 years - 15-24 years - > 24 years - hours of work (based on the variable b271): - dummy variable indicating that workers work 60-99 % (large part-time) - dummy variable indicating that workers work less than 60 % of a full-time worker’s normal workload (small part-time) - occupational group is given in terms of 43 categories (based on the variable b23): - Commissioned armed forces officers - Non-commissioned armed forces officers - Armed forces occupations, other ranks - Chief executives, senior officials and legislators - Administrative and commercial managers - Production and specialised services managers - Hospitality, retail and other services managers - Science and engineering professionals - Health professionals - Teaching professionals - Business and administration professionals - Information and communications technology professionals - Legal, social and cultural professionals - Science and engineering associate professionals - Health associate professionals - Business and administration associate professionals - Legal, social, cultural and related associate professionals - Information and communications technicians - General and keyboard clerks - Customer services clerks - Numerical and material recording clerks - Other clerical support workers - Personal service workers - Sales workers - Personal care workers - Protective services workers - Market-oriented skilled agricultural workers - Market-oriented skilled forestry, fishery and hunting workers - Subsistence farmers, fishers, hunters and gatherers - Building and related trades workers, excluding electricians - Metal, machinery and related trades workers - Handicraft and printing workers - Electrical and electronic trades worker - Food processing, wood working, garment and other craft and related trades workers - Stationary plant and machine operators - Assemblers - Drivers and mobile plant operators - Cleaners and helpers - Agricultural, forestry and fishery labourers - Labourers in mining, construction, manufacturing and transport - Food preparation assistants - Street and related sales and service workers - Refuse workers and other elementary workers - industry is given in terms of 15 categories (based on the variable a13): - Food industry and textiles - Paper, Printing and publishing - Chemical products, electric and transport equipment - Basic metals and metal products - Wholesale trade - Retail Trade - Transportation and storage - Business services - Health and social work activities - Professional, scientific and creative services - Mining, energy and water supply - Construction - Accommodation and food services - Education - Activities of membership organisations - ownership (based on the variable a14): - dummy variable that is equal to one if the firm is under public control - size of the enterprise is given in terms of 2 categories (based on the variable a12): - less than 50 - at least 50 employees