Readme File for: 
Scheltjens, Werner (2020): Tetradas: Tonnage estimates of trade through the Danish Sound, 1670-1856 (Replication data and selected statistics). Version: 1. VSWG - Journal of Social and Economic History. Dataset. https://journaldata.zbw.eu/dataset/1c46ea25-5bfd-4486-84d9-54a58e844add

Tetradas documents the main results to date of an effort to convert ‘raw’ data in the electronic database of Sound Toll Registers Online (further: STRO, www.soundtoll.nl) for the period 1670-1856 into tonnage estimates. 

Slight differences between the 'raw' data downloaded from soundtoll.nl in 2014 and 2016 and used in Tetradas, and the data that is currently available for download on the website of the Sound toll registers online project may occur. 

No attempt was made to correct existing data entry and storage errors in STRO prior to the conversion in metric tonnes. As a result, these errors are reflected in the annual statistics, e.g. when Amsterdam is listed as port of departure for commodities exported from the Baltic. (In the second version of Tetradas, it is planned to execute a systematic revision and correction of data entry and storage errors in STRO prior to conversion).

The collection of files stored here provides all information necessary to assess and replicate the conversion process and contains a selection of annual statistics based on the converted STRO data. The files are regrouped in 9 series. The replication data is stored in the series starting with 9_AUX.

9_AUX comprises: (1) Auxiliary tables containing the original 'raw' data on cargo descriptions, weights and measures, quantities and ports as well as their standardized equivalents, (2) An account of the rules for the conversion of weights and measures in STRO, (3) A step-by-step replication method for "Tetradas: Dataset of tonnage estimates of trade through the Danish Sound, 1670–1856." and (4) A relational database structure containing a sample dataset for the year 1730. The replication method starts from the ‘raw’ data that downloaded from the website of the Sound Toll Registers Online project (www.soundtoll.nl). Twelve steps describe how to replicate the statistical series of Tetradas using the auxiliary tables in the online documentation. Data from STRO for the year 1730 are used as example. An access database, which contains the 1730 data as well as the different steps of the replication procedure, provides assistance during the replication process.

The selected annual statistics are stored in the series 1 to 8 and cover the following topics: 
1_Turnover: Total turnover of trade through the Danish Sound
2_C: Estimated tonnage of exports from the Baltic and imports from the West
3_EI: Exports from the Baltic and imports from the West of ports and countries involved in trade through the Danish Sound
4_T: Total estimated tonnage of transport services provided by ports and countries active in trade through the Danish Sound
5_BIE: Balances of exports from the Baltic and imports from the West of the main countries active in trade through the Danish Sound
6_BTR: Bilateral import and export statistics of the main trading partners active in trade through the Danish Sound
7_PIES: Statistics of exports from the Baltic and imports from the West of a selection of ports active in trade through the Danish Sound
8_CIES: Statistics of exports from the Baltic and imports from the West of a selection of commodities traded through the Danish Sound
9_AUX: Auxiliary tables, replication data and replication method. 

The following abbreviations were used to complete the filenames in these series:

Bex: Exports from the Baltic (to the West / the North Sea)
Wim: Imports to the Baltic (from the West / the North Sea)
dep: port, country or area of departure
dest: port, country or area of destination

FS: foodstuffs
MF: manufactures
RM: raw materials

FR: France
NL: Netherlands (and predecessors)
PLC: Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
PR: Prussia (and predecessors)
RU: Russian Empire
SW: Sweden
UK: United Kingdom (and predecessors)
USA: United States

Annual import and export statistics are provided for the following ports in 7_PIES:
Amsterdam
Bergen (in Norway)
Bordeaux
Copenhagen
Danzig
Dundee
Gothenburg
Hamburg
Königsberg
Le Havre
Lisbon
Liverpool
London
Lübeck
Memel
Narva
Riga
Rotterdam
St. Petersburg
Stettin
Stockholm
Vyborg (Finland)

Annual import and export statistics are provided for the following commodities in 8_CIES:
(Bex_FS: Foodstuffs exported from the Baltic)
Barley
Buckwheat
Flour
Malt
Oats
Peas
Rye
"Rye and Barley" (registered as one commodity in STRO)
Ryeflour
Wheat
Wheatflour

(Bex_MF: Manufactures exported from the Baltic)
Iron staves
Linen
Ravenduck
Ropes
Sailcloth
Steel
Tow
Wainscot logs

(Bex_RM: Raw materials exported from the Baltic)
Balks
Boards
Deals
Flax
Flaxseed
Hemp
Hempseed
Iron
Pitch
Staves
Tallow
Tar
"Tar and pitch" (registered as one commodity in STRO)

(Wim_FS: Foodstuffs imported to the Baltic)
Brandy
Cod
"Cod and herring" (registered as one commodity in STRO)
Coffee
Coffe beans
Fish
Fruit
Herring
"Herring and cod" (registered as one commodity in STRO)
Lemons (citroner)
Lemons (lemoner)
Prunes
Rice
Salt
Sugar
"Sugar and tobacco" (registered as one commodity in STRO)
Treacle
Vinegar
Wine

(Wim_MF: Manufactures imported to the Baltic)
Cloth
Iron staves
Linen
Paper
Say
Textiles
Yarn

(Wim_RM: Raw materials imported to the Baltic)
Brasilwood
Coal (kuller)
Coal (stenkul)
Cotton (bomuld)
Cotton (cattun)
Indigo
Iron
Lead
Rubia
White lead
Wood (holt)
Yellowwood (fustik)