The pollution haven hypothesis (PHH) posits that production within polluting industries will shift to locations with lax environmental regulation. While straightforward, the...

We use an appropriate nonparametric two-step approach on conditional efficiencies to investigate how foreign direct investment (FDI) and time affect the process of catching up....

This paper analyses the effects of distance as a common determinant of exports and FDI in a three-factor New Trade Theory model, assuming that distance affects both pure trade...